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Experimental study of wind loads on gable roofs of low-rise buildings with overhangs

Peng HUANG, Ling TAO, Ming GU, Yong QUAN

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2018年 第12卷 第3期   页码 300-317 doi: 10.1007/s11709-018-0449-7

摘要：

Gable roofs with overhangs (eaves) are the common constructions of low-rise buildings on the southeastern coast of China, and they were vulnerable to typhoons from experience. The wind pressure distributions on gable roofs of low-rise buildings are investigated by a series of wind tunnel tests which consist of 99 test cases with various roof pitches, height-depth ratios and width-depth ratios. The block pressure coefficients and worst negative (block) pressure coefficients on different roof regions of low-rise buildings are proposed for the main structure and building envelope, respectively. The effects of roof pitch, height-depth ratio, and width-depth ratio on the pressure coefficients of each region are analyzed in detail. In addition, the pressure coefficients on the roofs for the main structure and building envelope are fitted according to roof pitch, height-depth ratio and width-depth ratio of the low-rise building. Meanwhile, the rationality of the fitting formulas is verified by comparing the fitting results with the codes of different countries. Lastly, the block pressure coefficients and worst negative pressure coefficients are recommended to guide the design of low-rise buildings in typhoon area and act as references for the future’s modification of wind load codes.

关键词： low-rise building     gable roof     wind loads     wind tunnel test     block pressure coefficient     load code    

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Fragility assessment of wood sheathing panels and roof-to-wall connections subjected to wind loading

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2021年 第15卷 第4期   页码 867-876 doi: 10.1007/s11709-021-0745-5

摘要： The performance of the wood-frame buildings after tornadoes has shown that the majority of the wind damage resulted from building envelope failure most typically due to the loss of the roof. To assess the performance and the reliability of low-rise wood-frame residential buildings with a focus on the roofs, fragility analysis can be used to estimate the probability of failure of a roof when constructed with specified nails and sheathing sizes. Thus, this paper examines the fragility of specific types of nails, roof-to-wall (RW) connection details, and sheathing sizes based on the damaged roofs that were previously assessed in the Dunrobin area in Ottawa (Ontario) that was hit with an Enhanced Fujita (EF3) tornado on September 21, 2018. The presented fragility analysis considers four scenarios, including different sheathing and nail sizes. Dead loads, wind loads, and resistance on the sheathing panels were compiled and analyzed to determine the failure of the examined roofs. The eight fragility models suggest that the safest roof sheathing (RS) is the 1.22 m × 1.22 m sheathing panel with 8 d nails, and the safest RW connections is achieved by using H2.5 hurricane clips.

关键词： tornadoes     wind loads     low-rise buildings     fragility analysis     risk assessment     structural failures    

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A prototype online database-enabled design framework for wind analysis/design of low-rise buildings

Dae Kun KWON,Ahsan KAREEM,Deepak KUMAR,Yukio TAMURA

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2016年 第10卷 第1期   页码 121-130 doi: 10.1007/s11709-015-0329-3

摘要： This study presents a development of an advanced cyberbased database-enabled design module for low-rise buildings (DEDM-LR) which provides estimation of the wind-induced responses for main wind force resisting frames by making direct use of pressure time histories measured at a large number of pressure taps over a suite of building models. These responses may be considered in lieu of code-specified load effects in which the overall accuracy may be influenced by the inherent simplifications in codes. In addition, this new automated approach is particularly attractive and advantageous as it allows a web-based online analysis/design via intuitive user-friendly interfaces for both the input and output in terms of familiar web-style forms that are nowadays very common in most of web-based services. Presently, the DEDM-LR hosts an aerodynamic database developed by the Tokyo Polytechnic University (TPU), Japan for a variety of building configurations like flat, gable, and hip roofs under suburban terrain flow condition with immediate application to other databases. The paper shows the efficacy and validity of the DEDM-LR by walking through its details and examples on selected gable-roofed buildings. The architecture of DEDM-LR platform offers the ability to pool resources by hosting other databases that may become available in the near future.

关键词： wind loads     low-rise building     pressure measurement     aerodynamics     building design     structural response     building codes     information technology (IT)    

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Performance evaluation of low-rise infilled reinforced concrete frames designed by considering local

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2023年 第17卷 第5期   页码 686-703 doi: 10.1007/s11709-023-0937-2

摘要： The interactions between reinforced concrete (RC) frames and infill walls play an important role in the seismic response of frames, particularly for low-rise frames. Infill walls can increase the overall lateral strength and stiffness of the frame owing to their high strength and stiffness. However, local wall-frame interactions can also lead to increased shear demand in the columns owing to the compressive diagonal strut force from the inll wall, which can result in failure or in serious situations, collapse. In this study, the effectiveness of a design strategy to consider the complex infill wall interaction was investigated. The approach was used to design example RC frames with infill walls in locations with different seismicity levels in Thailand. The performance of these frames was assessed using nonlinear static, and dynamic analyses. The performance of the frames and the failure modes were compared with those of frames designed without considering the infill wall or the local interactions. It was found that even though the overall responses of the buildings designed with and without consideration of the local interaction of the infill walls were similar in terms the overall lateral strength, the failure modes were different. The proposed method can eliminate the column shear failure from the building. Finally, the merits and limitations of this approach are discussed and summarized.

关键词： reinforced concrete frames     infill wall     seismic design method     shear failure     wall-frame interaction    

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Distribution of background equivalent static wind load on high-rise buildings

Jianguo ZHANG , Ming GU ,

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2009年 第3卷 第3期   页码 241-248 doi: 10.1007/s11709-009-0036-z

摘要： In this paper, the along-wind and cross-wind fluctuating load distributions along the height of high-rise buildings and their correlations are obtained through simultaneous pressure measurements in a wind tunnel. Some typical methods proposed in some relative literatures, i.e., load-response correlation (LRC), and quasi-mean load (QML) and gust load envelope (GLE) methods, are verified in terms of their accuracy in describing the background equivalent static wind load distribution on high-rise buildings. Based on the results, formulae of the distribution of background equivalent static load on high-rise buildings with typical shapes are put forward. It is shown that these formulae are of high accuracy and practical use.

关键词： high-rise buildings     along-wind     cross-wind     background equivalent static wind load     close formulae    

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A survey of decorative materials on the energy consumption of mid-rise residential buildings in Mashad

Masoud Taheri SHAHRAEIN, Lihua ZHAO, Qinglin MENG

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2010年 第4卷 第4期   页码 490-497 doi: 10.1007/s11709-010-0068-4

摘要： Polyvinylchloride (PVC) panel is one of the most favorite decorative materials that has been popularly applied as finishing of ceiling in residential buildings. It is about five years that the people incline to redecorate the ceiling of old buildings with PVC panel in big cities of Iran, such as Mashad. In this study, the influence of ceiling PVC panel on the cooling and heating loads of studied apartment were determined by software DeST-h. In addition, the summer natural ventilation of the mentioned apartment is investigated by determining the wind speed into the apartment through the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) software. The evaluation of environment indoor wind velocity showed that most of the apartment space is a comfortable zone. The results of studied building analyses demonstrated that using PVC panel on the ceiling can decline the energy consumption of the penthouse (fifth level) of the investigated building, which is about 3.7% and 7% for studied methods of without and with air layer, respectively. In addition, although the existence of air layer can decline the cooling and heating loads, the increase in air layer thickness did not show significant decrease on building energy consumption. However, the PVC panel is expensive and is not suitable to be used for ceiling thermal insulation, but adding a thin layer of air between ceiling and PVC panel can be a good step toward sustainable building, when the people are inclined to utilize it as a decorative ceiling.

关键词： residential apartments     natural ventilation     energy consumption     decorative materials     Mashad    

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Seismic fragility assessment of revised MRT buildings considering typical construction changes

Rakesh DUMARU, Hugo RODRIGUES, Humberto VARUM

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2020年 第14卷 第1期   页码 241-266 doi: 10.1007/s11709-019-0560-4

摘要： The present study investigates the vulnerability assessment of the prototype revised Mandatory Rule of Thumb (MRT) buildings initially designed and detailed for three storeys bare frame building; later modified through variable number of storeys (three, four, and five) and different arrangement of infill walls (bare frame, soft-storey, irregular infilled, and fully infilled). The application of infill walls increases the fundamental frequencies, stiffness, and maximum strength capacity, but reduces the deformation capability than the bare frame building. The vulnerability was also reduced through infill walls, where the probability of exceeding partial-collapse and collapse damage reduced by 80% and 50%, respectively. Furthermore, the increased in storeys (three to five) also increases the failure probability, such that partial-collapse and collapse for fully infilled increases by almost 55% and 80%, respectively. All obtained results and discussions concluded that the structural sections and details assigned for MRT building is not sufficient if considered as bare frame and soft-storey. And increase in number of storeys causes building highly vulnerable although the infill walls were considered.

关键词： mid-rise buildings     revised NBC 205: 2012     masonry infill walls     configurations of infill walls     vulnerability assessment and inter-storey drift    

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无/低代码软件开发的兴起——无需经验？

Marcus Woo

《工程（英文）》 2020年 第6卷 第9期   页码 960-961 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2020.07.007

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Investigation of the structural form optimization methods of high-rise buildings

ZHANG Shihai, WANG Li, OU Jinping, WANG Guangyuan

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2007年 第1卷 第2期   页码 182-187 doi: 10.1007/s11709-007-0020-4

摘要： In this paper, the structural form optimization methods of high-rise buildings based on the expert system (ES), case-based reasoning (CBR), and knowledge discovery in database (KDD) are evaluated systematically. The characteristics and shortcomings of each method are pointed out. It is predicted that the incorporation of these three techniques into an intelligent form optimization method will be an important development direction in the future. Finally, the unified intelligent form selection model combined with concepts of ES, CBR, KDD and artificially intelligent beautification is proposed. In consideration of the needs of human beings, machinery and computation, the model has been used for structural design combined with relevant knowledge, means, maneuver and strategy. The model plays an important role and has practical value in the process of artificially intelligent form optimization. It effectively reduces the blindness and failure of computer-aided structural design.

关键词： case-based reasoning     computation     KDD     important development     high-rise    

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The effect of sea level rise on beach morphology of caspian sea coast

M. A. Lashteh NESHAEI, F. GHANBARPOUR

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2017年 第11卷 第4期   页码 369-379 doi: 10.1007/s11709-017-0398-6

摘要： Study of beach morphology has been one of the most important issues in coastal engineering research projects. Because of the existence of two important coastal areas located in the north and south parts of the Iran, in the present study an analysis of the coastal zone behaviour is made. Bed level elevations are measured and compared with the theoretical equilibrium profile. It is shown that the behaviour of the coastal zone in the region is consistent with the Dean (1991) equilibrium profile. In the next stage, following extensive investigations, the bed level changes due to arise in sea level at different locations in the surf zone are estimated. The mechanism of beach re-treatment due to a rise in sea level is considered based on the simplified model of Dean (1991) in which the mass balance of the sediments is taken into account. Comparison of the equilibrium profiles for different cases of sea level rise, clearly shows that because of the sediment transport induced by the fluctuation of the water level, the beach profile in the surf zone changes accordingly resulting in an erosion in the inner region of the surf zone and an accumulation of sediments towards the offshore.

关键词： wave     coastal zone     beach morphology     evolution     equilibrium profile     sea level rise    

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Seismic design of high-rise towers for cable-stayed bridges under strong earthquakes

Yan XU, Shide HU

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2011年 第5卷 第4期   页码 451-457 doi: 10.1007/s11709-011-0127-5

摘要： This paper presents the first of a series of studies on the seismic design of high-rise towers for cable-stayed bridges under strong earthquakes. One practical cable-stayed bridge with a 730 m long main span and two high-rise towers over 200 m in height was selected for this study. The preliminary results show that compared with piers, the tower is more vulnerable to pulse-like earthquakes, and it may develop plasticity at certain locations. In addition, viscous dampers may not have the same effect during pulse-like earthquakes as they do under site-specific earthquakes. Hence, reoptimization of damper parameters or reconsideration of other energy dissipation devices will be needed if strong earthquakes are likely to occur.

关键词： high-rise tower     cable-stayed bridge     strong earthquake     seismic design    

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日本桥梁和建筑结构监测的研究与实施综述 Review

Yozo Fujino, Dionysius M. Siringoringo, Yoshiki Ikeda, Tomonori Nagayama, Tsukasa Mizutani

《工程（英文）》 2019年 第5卷 第6期   页码 1093-1119 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2019.09.006

摘要：

本文对日本建筑结构监测技术的发展进行了综述，重点介绍了监测系统的类型、策略和开发利用。本文主要对基于振动技术的桥梁和建筑结构进行了介绍。日本的建筑结构监测系统历来都是以评估建筑结构对极端事件的响应程度为目标的。在建筑结构监测技术的开发中，监测系统和所收集到的数据被用来验证设计假设、更新技术参数并优化振动控制系统的性能。本文对大跨度桥梁和高层建筑的设计验证、建筑物和桥梁的隔震系统性能、建筑结构改造和加固验证、结构控制系统验证（被动式、半主动式和主动式）、结构评估和损伤检测进行了研究。近年来，监测系统的应用范围被逐步扩大，监测数据的充分利用使得风险和资产管理趋于合理化，从而进一步提升了监测系统的高效运作和有效维护。本文还从对日本桥梁和建筑结构监测案例研究中总结了一些经验教训和反馈意见。

关键词： 建筑结构监测     大跨度桥梁     高层建筑     地震监测     风振响应     路面及桥面板监测     建筑结构控制监测     建筑结构评估    

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Analysis of energy saving optimization of campus buildings based on energy simulation

Dingding TONG, Jing ZHAO

《能源前沿（英文）》 2013年 第7卷 第3期   页码 388-398 doi: 10.1007/s11708-013-0273-7

摘要： The energy consumption of campus buildings has specific characteristics, because of the concentrated distribution of people’s working time and locations that change in line with distinct seasonal features. The traditional energy system design and operation for campus buildings is only based on the constant room temperature, such as 25°C in summer and 18°C in winter in China, not taking into consideration the real heating or cooling load characteristics of campus buildings with different functions during the whole day and whole year, which usually results in a lot of energy waste. This paper proposes to set different set-point temperatures in different operation stages of public and residential campus buildings to reduce the heating and cooling design load for energy station and total campus energy consumption for annual operation. Taking a campus under construction in Tianjin, China as an example, two kinds of single building models were established as the typical public building and residential building models on the campus. Besides, the models were simulated at both set-point room temperature and constant room temperature respectively. The comparison of the simulation results showed that the single building energy saving method of the peak load clipping could be used for further analysis of the annual energy consumption of campus building groups. The results proved that the strategy of set-point temperature optimization could efficiently reduce the design load and energy consumption of campus building groups.

关键词： campus buildings     set-point temperature     energy simulation     energy saving optimization    

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Heat prices for public buildings in Tianjin

Boyuan HAO,Zhe TIAN,Yan DING,Peng PENG

《能源前沿（英文）》 2016年 第10卷 第3期   页码 249-259 doi: 10.1007/s11708-016-0412-z

摘要： Energy-saving awareness of heat users and heating enterprises can be stimulated by implementing heat metering for public buildings and by establishing scientific and reasonable policies for heat prices in China. In this paper, a two-part heat price for public buildings in Tianjin is introduced, which divides the heat price into a basic part and a metering part. According to the statistical analysis of information collected from two pilot heating enterprises, the specific heat load for public buildings in Tianjin is calculated, and three candidate schemes of heat price are proposed. A simulation of heat cost is also conducted, and the benefits for both heat users and heating enterprises are balanced. Finally, the two-part heat price for public buildings in Tianjin is determined: the basic heat price is recommended to be 20 CNY/m , and the metering heat price is recommended to be 76.10 CNY/GJ. Such a price could be implemented in the initial stage of heat metering for public buildings in Tianjin.

关键词： heat metering     public buildings     two-part heat price     specific heat load    

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Design and control optimization of energy systems of smart buildings today and in the near future

Shengwei WANG, Wenjie GANG

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2017年 第4卷 第1期   页码 58-66 doi: 10.15302/J-FEM-2017005

摘要： Buildings contribute to a major part of energy consumption in urban areas, especially in areas like Hong Kong which is full of high-rise buildings. Smart buildings with high efficiency can reduce the energy consumption largely and help achieve green cities or smart cities. Design and control optimization of building energy systems therefore plays a significant role to obtain the optimal performance. This paper introduces a general methodology for the design and control optimization of building energy systems in the life cycle. When the design scheme of building energy systems is optimized, primary steps and related issues are introduced. To improve the operation performance, the optimal control strategies that can be used by different systems are presented and key issues are discussed. To demonstrate the effect of the methods, the energy system of a high-rise building is introduced. The design on the chilled water pump system and cooling towers is improved. The control strategies for chillers, pumps and fresh air systems are optimized. The energy saving and cost from the design and control optimization methods are analyzed. The presented methodology will provide users and stakeholders an effective approach to improve the energy efficiency of building energy systems and promote the development of smart buildings and smart cities.

关键词： Design optimization     Optimal control     Smart building     Energy efficiency    

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标题 作者 时间 类型 操作

Experimental study of wind loads on gable roofs of low-rise buildings with overhangs

Peng HUANG, Ling TAO, Ming GU, Yong QUAN

期刊论文

Fragility assessment of wood sheathing panels and roof-to-wall connections subjected to wind loading

期刊论文

A prototype online database-enabled design framework for wind analysis/design of low-rise buildings

Dae Kun KWON,Ahsan KAREEM,Deepak KUMAR,Yukio TAMURA

期刊论文

Performance evaluation of low-rise infilled reinforced concrete frames designed by considering local

期刊论文

Distribution of background equivalent static wind load on high-rise buildings

Jianguo ZHANG , Ming GU ,

期刊论文

A survey of decorative materials on the energy consumption of mid-rise residential buildings in Mashad

Masoud Taheri SHAHRAEIN, Lihua ZHAO, Qinglin MENG

期刊论文

Seismic fragility assessment of revised MRT buildings considering typical construction changes

Rakesh DUMARU, Hugo RODRIGUES, Humberto VARUM

期刊论文

无/低代码软件开发的兴起——无需经验？

Marcus Woo

期刊论文

Investigation of the structural form optimization methods of high-rise buildings

ZHANG Shihai, WANG Li, OU Jinping, WANG Guangyuan

期刊论文

The effect of sea level rise on beach morphology of caspian sea coast

M. A. Lashteh NESHAEI, F. GHANBARPOUR

期刊论文

Seismic design of high-rise towers for cable-stayed bridges under strong earthquakes

Yan XU, Shide HU

期刊论文

日本桥梁和建筑结构监测的研究与实施综述

Yozo Fujino, Dionysius M. Siringoringo, Yoshiki Ikeda, Tomonori Nagayama, Tsukasa Mizutani

期刊论文

Analysis of energy saving optimization of campus buildings based on energy simulation

Dingding TONG, Jing ZHAO

期刊论文

Heat prices for public buildings in Tianjin

Boyuan HAO,Zhe TIAN,Yan DING,Peng PENG

期刊论文

Design and control optimization of energy systems of smart buildings today and in the near future

Shengwei WANG, Wenjie GANG

期刊论文